underwent a survey study that was participated by 109 African and 193 European urologists. This made the European Health Service authorities recommended the use of serological screening in the new immigrants from Schistosoma-endemic countries. underwent a study on 3090 sub-Saharan immigrants in Spain and found that 10.5% of them having confirmed schistosomiasis and 3.5% presented with severe urological complications. This resulted in an increased incidence of tropical diseases, including the tropical urological ones, that were previously considered uncommon in the European countries. Many European countries received thousands of immigrants along the Mediterranean basin. The world is recently facing a significant migratory flow from Africa to Europe. The available data showed that despite some etiologic and carcinogenic differences, the oncologic outcomes are generally comparable for SA-BC and NSA-BC when adjusting for stage, risk status, and comorbidities. Treatment of SA-BC generally follows the same guidelines as urothelial Schistosoma-non-associated bladder cancer (SNA-BC) management however, prospective trials to confirm and refine the treatment approach for SA-BC have been relatively limited. This may prevent or slow down the process of carcinogenesis that leads to Schistosoma-associated bladder cancer (SA-BC), which is usually, but not conclusively, squamous cell carcinoma. A more thorough understanding of the parasite life cycle was explored to help eradicate the infection especially for the immigrants from endemic areas. Several carcinogenic pathways have been postulated but the exact mechanism(s) are not defined yet. Schistosoma haematobium (SH) infecting the urinary bladder was considered by the IARC as group 1 definitive biological carcinogenic agent. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for urinary schistosomiasis and its related bladder cancer published from 1980 till 2020. It can affect various systems but is best known for its effect on the urinary system. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection endemic in many low- and middle-income countries.
Highlighting these topics may be of value, especially with the increased immigration from endemic low-/middle-income countries (LMIC) to non-endemic high-income countries (HIC). The deficiency in knowledge and clinical experience of schistosomiasis may lead to inadequate management. Urinary schistosomiasis and its severe complications, mainly bladder cancer, are scarce in non-endemic areas.
0 kommentar(er)
